CNC plasma cutting machine has the characteristics of fast cutting speed and small slitting in the cutting process. Enterprises often have many problems in the actual operation process, resulting in limited actual cutting speed, too large slitting, uneven cutting surface, and other phenomena, resulting in the waste of steel, which virtually increases the cost investment of enterprises. Excluding the mechanical failure of the plasma NC cutting machine itself and other factors, the user enterprise does not correctly set the relevant parameters of the plasma NC cutting machine in operation, which will also affect the actual cutting effect.

Factors affecting the cutting effect of CNC plasma cutting machine:

1. Cutting nozzle height

The height of the cutting nozzle refers to the distance from the end face of the cutting nozzle to the surface of the workpiece to be cut. The distance is generally 4~10mm. It is the same as the internal shrinkage of the electrode, and the distance should be appropriate to give full play to the cutting efficiency of the plasma arc, otherwise, the cutting efficiency and cutting quality will be reduced or the cutting nozzle will be burned out.

2. Cutting current

Increasing the cutting current can also improve the power of the plasma arc, but it is limited by the allowable current, otherwise, the plasma arc column will become thicker, the slit width will increase, and the electrode life will decrease.

3. Electrode internal shrinkage

The so-called internal shrinkage refers to the distance from the electrode to the end face of the cutting nozzle. A suitable distance can make the arc get good compression in the cutting nozzle, and obtain a plasma arc with concentrated energy and high temperature for effective cutting. If the distance is too large or too small, the electrode will be seriously burned, the cutting nozzle will be burned out, and the cutting ability will be reduced. The internal shrinkage is generally 8-11mm.

4. Gas flow

Increasing the gas flow can not only improve the arc column voltage but also enhance the compression effect on the arc column so that the plasma arc energy is more concentrated and the spray force is stronger, which can improve the cutting speed and quality. However, if the gas flow is too large, the arc column will be shortened, the heat loss will increase, and the cutting ability will be weakened until the cutting process cannot be carried out normally.

5. Cutting speed

The above factors directly affect the compression effect of plasma arc, that is, the temperature and energy density of plasma arc, and the high temperature and high energy of plasma arc determine the cutting speed, so the above factors are related to the cutting speed. On the premise of ensuring the cutting quality, the cutting speed should be improved as much as possible. This not only improves productivity but also reduces the deformation of the cut parts and the heat-affected area of the slit area. If the cutting speed is not appropriate, the effect is the opposite and will increase the slag adhesion and reduce the cutting quality.

6. No load voltage and arc column voltage

The plasma cutting power supply must have a high enough no-load voltage to easily start the arc and make the plasma arc burn stably. The no-load voltage is generally 120-600v, while the arc column voltage is generally half of the no-load voltage. Increasing the arc column voltage can significantly increase the power of plasma arc, so it can improve the cutting speed and cut metal plates with greater thickness. The arc column voltage is often not achieved by adjusting the gas flow and increasing the internal contraction of the electrode, but the arc column voltage cannot exceed 65% of the no-load voltage, otherwise, the plasma arc will be unstable.

The setting of parameters directly affects the cutting effect of the NC plasma cutting machine, so it is necessary to understand the influencing factors of the NC plasma cutting machine cutting.

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